代谢
人体如何把食物转化为能量、构成材料和信号。
胆固醇
从甲羟戊酸途径到低密度脂蛋白受体、PCSK9和胆汁酸，介绍人体细胞如何合成、感知、摄取和清除胆固醇。
氨基酸与氮代谢
介绍膳食蛋白质如何消化吸收，氨基如何依次经过转氨基作用和尿素循环，以及苯丙酮尿症揭示了什么。
叶酸、维生素B12与一碳单位代谢
介绍叶酸和维生素B12如何将单个碳原子转移至DNA碱基和甲硫氨酸，以及缺乏其中任何一种为何会导致巨幼细胞贫血。
英文页面
Energy and ATP
How cells couple reactions to ATP, pass electrons to NAD+, FAD and NADP+, make ATP from a proton gradient and use energy organ by organ.
Glucose
How glucose is absorbed and enters cells, and how glycolysis, pyruvate dehydrogenase, the citric acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation make ATP from it.
Fed and fasting
How insulin and glucagon switch the body between storing and releasing fuel, from glycogen to gluconeogenesis, ketone bodies and the course of a fast.
Fats
How the body digests fat, carries it in lipoproteins, burns and makes fatty acids, and why linoleic and α-linolenic acid must come from food.
How the body processes medicines
First-pass metabolism, the cytochrome P450 enzymes, conjugation, drug transporters, induction and inhibition, and the inherited differences behind them.
From genes to proteins
How DNA encodes proteins, how genes are transcribed, spliced and translated, and how variants in PAH, HBB, LDLR, ALDH2 and LCT change traits.
The cell and its compartments
How membranes, pumps and organelles divide the chemistry of a human cell, and how insulin at the cell surface changes which genes are transcribed.
Vitamins as cofactors
How B vitamins and vitamins C and K serve human enzymes as cofactors, which diseases their lack causes, and what supplement trials in adults found.
Hormones and signalling
How insulin, glucagon, adrenaline, cortisol, thyroid hormones, leptin, ghrelin and GLP-1 act on receptors and second messengers, and how feedback limits them.